Introduction: Long-term clinical evaluation of dental implants and their surrounding structures is of utmost importance to acquire knowledge about reasons for implant success and failure.However, accurate and reproducible results are difficult to obtain. The aim of the present study was to examine bone height around endosseous implants on digital conventional radiographs (DCR) and direct digital subtraction images (DSI) prior to loading.Materials and methods: In this experimental study, bone height around 10 implants in 6 patients was assessed by 2 observers. Standardized digital radiographs were obtained just a week and 3 months postoperatively and subtracted by means of EMAGO software. Then the observers evaluated bone height on DCRs and DSIs. MINITAB software and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis (a=0.05).Results: Comparative evaluation of bone height indicated significantly higher values on DCR than on DSI (p value=0.002). The observers also had statistically significant variability in this assessment (p value=0.00003).Conclusion: DSI demonstrated lower values of linear measurement of bone height around endosseous implants compared with DCR. Interobserver variability should be considered when comparing values from follow-up studies.

Concurrent with the rapid development of digitalization in various fields, the signs of entering the age of virtual life have become more manifest. The advent of social networks, spaces mixed with virtual reality and the strong tendency of citizens to communicate with the new space, and the unprecedented acceptance of communications and relationships in this space, has necessitated the digital transformation. Although the term of Digital has been designated as an adjective for transformation, digital transformation is not limited to the digitalization directive or process. Digital transformation is the process of transitioning traditional entities based on communication, relationships, and the physical ecosystem into a world based on non-physical occasions and entities. Knowledge management is one of the most important facilitators of change. The knowledge nature of digital transformation and its highly dynamic and variable features require changes in attitudes and the facilitation of knowledge management. For this reason, transformational knowledge management can be suggested as a suitable solution. In this paper, an attempt has been made to briefly explain the formation process and the distinctive features of transformational knowledge management called Knowledge Management 4. 0.

As the evidences show, medical care facilities are at the threshold of changing from paper- based to patient's electronic records. Digital radiographic image is a new imaging modality whose data could be assumed as a part of every patient's electronic record. It therefore, requires a great number of medical care staff including medical record and radiology department staff. Of those, the role of radiology technologists who take radiographs and perform quality control protocol seems to be crucial. This study aims at evaluateing the current knowledge of digital radiology and its affiliated systems (e.g PACS) of educational hospital radiology technologists. The data was gathered using questionnaire. Eighty three radiology technologists from four educational hospitals participated in the study. The evaluation was performed by presenting four basic questions with four possible choices for every question. A score was also assigned to every choice (1 as the lowest and 4 as the highest score). The result of this cross- sectional study showed that, the knowledge of evaluated subjects was so poor (average score 1.92 of 4) in this context. Therefore, it is suggested, before performing any alteration in radiology departments, the level of staff knowledge in relation with the alteration which is going to be done be evaluated. Then, on the basis of the results a comprehensive and regular in-service training is performed. Yet, these oncoming difficulties are not inevitable because technology advancement inherently is a dynamic phenomena; this means that in-service training is always required.

Background and Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to present a "Thematic Digital Library of Iranian Traditional Medicine" using Medicine Ontology. Materials and Methods: Documentary analysis method was used in this research. The Website builder portal was selected as the prototype implementation environment for the system shell to test and execute various components and analyses. Results: Analysis of the Indian Digital Library system and knowledge organization tools showed that use of medical ontology is more applied and practical. Suggested components in the TDLITM system as the only example of a thematic digital library of its kind include: Origin and Mizaj, search engine (simple, advanced and based on ontology tools), ontology, Iranian medicine resources, about the system, Copyright, Contact us, System guide and system language. Indeed, menus of plant name, drug name and source name are provided for better navigation at the bottom of the page. In this research, attempt has been made to obtain various concepts for the proposed system shell by analyzing TKDL. Conclusion: Considering the extensive concepts and aspects of Iranian Traditional Medicine, a digital library system can be proposed as a theoretical support for this field and documentation of its rich knowledge. TDLITM can also be considered as a pattern for other fields, as it will be useful in meeting the specialized needs of the user and better retrieval. Using organizational tools such as medical ontology in the form of a digital library, can help these efforts take on a more scientific and systematic aspect. In addition, efforts should be made to internationalize the concepts and issues of Iranian medicine in consultation with international patent offices. Creating a digital library, a topic similar to what is provided by the traditional knowledge digital library of India may be able to internationalize this ancient and valuable heritage of Iranian medicine.

Background & Aim: The majority of carious lesions are not well-defined radiolucencies. Approximately 40% demineralization is required for radiographic detection of a lesion. The actual depth of penetration of carious lesion is deeper than may be detected radiographically. However, digital subtraction images permit to detect 1-5% decrease of mineral mass per unit volume. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of digital subtraction radiography in the detection of dental demineralization in vitro.Methods & Materials: This study was based on observational-diagnostic method which was done on 30 extracted human teeth, categorized in two groups A and B, each having 15 members. In each of teeth, one approximal enamel demineralization lesion was induced using an acidified system (PH=4.8). Direct digital radiography were obtained under standardized condition of teeth before demineralization. After 7 days, the teeth of group B and after 42 days, group A removed from acid and new radiographs were taken. The images of the 7th and 42nd days were subtracted from the baseline radiograph (before creation of the lesion). Then teeth were histologically evaluated. Direct digital and subtraction images were interpreted by three observers to detect presence or absence of the lesion, then the diagnostic accuracy of both methods was determined.Results: After 7 days, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for incipient lesions in direct digital radiography were 0%, 80%, 40%, 0% and 44% respectively and in digital subtraction radiography were 66.7%, 86.7%, 76.7%, 83.4% and 72.3% respectively. However after 42 days the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of both methods were 100%.Conclusion: Digital subtraction radiography has a fairly acceptable accuracy in detection ofthe incipient proximal lesions in comparison with DDR. For moderate proximal lesions DSR has the same accuracy as DDR.

The digital revolution and the expansion of communication technologies have steered the global economy toward a Knowledge Economy, one in which knowledge serves as the primary driver of growth, employment, and value creation. However, inequalities in access to and utilization of information and communication technologies have given rise to the phenomenon of the digital divide, which poses a significant barrier to sustainable development and social equity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the digital divide on the knowledge economy. This study is applied in nature and falls within the category of descriptive–analytical research, adopting a qualitative approach within the interpretivist paradigm. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 knowledge management experts from universities and research centers, using purposive sampling. To ensure the validity and reliability of the research, strategies such as member checking, data source triangulation, thorough documentation of the coding process, test–retest procedures, and peer debriefing were employed. The findings revealed that the digital divide within the knowledge economy is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon, identified through 46 overarching themes and 259 final concepts. This divide extends beyond mere technological access and encompasses diverse dimensions such as skills, communication, infrastructure, social, economic, technological, cultural, managerial, educational, political, and institutional factors. Weaknesses across these dimensions directly hinder the creation, sharing, and utilization of knowledge. Ultimately, the digital divide emerges as a critical barrier to sustainable development and the effectiveness of the knowledge economy.